Tom yum or tom yam (UK: or ; US: ; Thai: ?????, rtgs: tom yam, pronounced [tôm j?m]) is a type of hot and sour Lao and Thai soup, usually cooked with shrimp (prawn). Tom yum has its origin in Laos and Thailand. In recent years, tom yam is widely served in neighbouring countries such as Cambodia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Burma/Myanmar, and it has been popularised around the world.
The words "tom yam" are derived from two Thai words. Tom refers to the boiling process, while yam refers to a Thai spicy and sour salad. Indeed, tom yum is characterised by its distinct hot and sour flavours, with fragrant spices and herbs generously used in the broth. The basic broth is made of stock and fresh ingredients such as lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, galangal, lime juice, fish sauce, and crushed chili peppers.
Commercial tom yum paste is made by crushing all the herb ingredients and stir frying in oil. Seasoning and other preservative ingredients are then added. The paste is bottled or packaged and sold around the world. Tom yum flavored with the paste may have different characteristics from that made with fresh herb ingredients. The soup often includes meats such as chicken, beef, pork, or shrimp.
The 1997 Financial Crisis in Asia, which started in Thailand, is sometimes referred to as the "Tom Yam Kung Crisis".
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Preparation
The taste of Tom yum is based on the sour and spicy tastes. A paste called Nam prik pao is prepared as a base of the soup, to which water and other herbs and meat are added. The Nam prik pao is made from roasted chilies, shallots, and garlic and the ingredients are best grilled on charcoal fire.
The basic ingredient of Tom yum is shrimp or pork. If shrimp is the base ingredient, put it in soup after the soup boils. If pork is the base ingredient, put it in the soup before it boils. The most popular Tom yum base is river shrimp called "Tom yum Goong".
The essential ingredients of Tom yum are herbs such as lemongrass, galangal, kaffir line leaves. Other ingredients are also important especially Thai chilies, mushroom, cilantro, tomatoes, sweet white onions, lime juice, sugar, and fish sauce. But if you want to make a "Tom yum nam khon" you must add the coconut milk or canned evaporated milk.
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Origin
Tom yum is a soup dish, originally from Laos and Thailand.
Selected types
- Tom yam nam sai (Thai: ??????????), clear broth tom yam soup
- Tom yam nam khon (Thai: ???????????) is a more recent variation from the 1980s. common with prawns as a main ingredient, evaporated milk or non-dairy creamer powder is added to the broth as a finishing touch.
- Tom yam kathi (Thai: ?????????) - coconut milk based tom yum, this is often confused with tom kha kai ("chicken galanga soup"), where galangal is the dominant flavour of the coconut milk-based soup.
- tom yam kung (Thai: ?????????) - the version of the dish most popular among tourists, is made with prawns as the main ingredient. The dish originated during the Rattanakosin Kingdom.
- Tom yam pla (Thai: ????????) is a clear fish soup that was traditionally eaten with rice. It used to be the most widespread form of tom yam before mass-tourism came to Thailand, for fresh fish is readily available almost everywhere in the region's rivers, canals and lakes as well as in the sea. Usually fish with firm flesh that doesn't crumble after boiling is preferred for this type of soup.
- Tom yam kai (Thai: ????????) is the chicken version of the soup.
- Tom yam po taek (Thai: ????????????) or tom yam thale (Thai: ?????????) is a variant of the soup with mixed seafood, like prawns, squid, clams and pieces of fish.
- Tom yam kung maphrao on nam khon (Thai: ??????????????????????), a version of prawn tom yum with the meat of a young coconut and a dash of (coconut) milk.
- Tom yam kha mu (Thai: ??????????), made with pork leg. These require a long cooking time under low fire.
In the modern popularized versions the soup contains also mushrooms - usually straw mushrooms or oyster mushrooms. The soup is often topped with generous sprinkling of fresh chopped cilantro (coriander leaves). Sometimes Thai chili jam (nam phrik phao, Thai: ??????????) is added: this gives the soup a bright orange color and makes the chili flavor more pronounced.
Other sour and spicy soups
Less well-known outside Thailand is tom khlong (????????), a spicy sour soup where the sourness, however, does not derive from lime juice but through the use of tamarind. Tom som (Thai: ??????) are soups that are also very similar to tom yum but most often do not contain lemongrass or kaffir lime leaves. Depending on the type of tom som, the acidity can be derived from lime juice or from the use of tamarind.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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